The Language Act

The Finnish Constitution of March 2000 states that Finnish and Swedish are the national languages of Finland. On 1 January 2004, the new Language Act came into force to replace the old act of 1922. The chief aim of the new act is to ensure that the cultural and societal needs of the population will be met in either of the two national languages on an equal basis. The public authorities are thus obliged to provide services in Finnish and Swedish, and there should be social welfare services, primary education, other education and comprehensive information in both languages. Furthermore, the state administration of Finland is bilingual by law, which implies that all laws, decrees, and other important documents are available in both Finnish and Swedish.

The specific linguistic rights and obligations are closely determined in the Language Act, which was passed 11 February 2003. It is a gratifying fact that in the Finnish Parliament, only three voted against the proposition in the conclusive negotiations regarding the Language Act. The new Act is based on the old Act of 1922 in terms of both the linguistic definition of municipalities and the obligations placed on the public authorities. It states that each individual has the right to use his or her own language in dealing with governmental authorities or local authorities of bilingual municipalities. This right is valid in personal dealings as well as in requests for information and guidance, and the authorities shall provide services in either national language without specific requests from the customer. In addition, signage, forms, brochures and other publications must be available in Finnish and Swedish. The responsibility that these conditions are met falls on the administration of the body of authorities in question, which facilitates filing complaints regarding services in Swedish. The Ministry of Justice supervises the practical implementation of the Language Act and is obliged to attend to any shortcomings. Ultimately, the Chancellor of Justice and the Parliamentary Ombudsman supervise the practical implementation of laws and accept complaints concerning linguistic rights.





Swedish Day

The Language Act

Svenska på stan



The Ministry of Justice